PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a cutting-edge technology for the green production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to divide water into its constituent molecules: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a selective barrier, allowing protons to pass through while blocking the passage of ions. This system results in

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant progresses in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements include improvements in catalyst materials, membrane efficiency, and system architecture. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly competitive for various appli